Former senior research scientist at Google DeepMind, Cao Yuan, believes that AI for Science is entering an explosive phase. However, for AI to independently make Nobel Prize-level scientific discoveries, it will take at least another 20 to 30 years. Cao has participated in projects like Gemini and is now focused on enabling AI to discover new knowledge. He points out that the current biggest bottleneck is validation, as real experiments in biology, materials, and physics are costly and time-consuming, making it difficult for AI to quickly iterate like programming agents. Additionally, Cao mentions that AI can currently only search for answers within existing knowledge and has yet to abstract new mathematical objects and theories like top scientists do. This "conceptual abstraction" is referred to as the "last mile" of AGI.
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